I studied the natural history of the Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) in Virginia. The species is considered endangered, threatened or of special concern by Natural Heritage Programs in every state in its range. Important details of the woodrat's life history, specifically reproduction, growth rate and juvenile survival, are unclear. I trapped 163 juveniles and subadults 416 times over 10,107 trap nights (TN) during an 11-y study. Forty seven percent of juveniles were caught in May and June, whereas 48% of subadults were caught in September or October. Neither juveniles (P < 0.01) nor subadults (P < 0.01) were caught in proportion to trap effort in each month. Based on six litters of 14 juveniles, the average litter size was 2.3 pups. Based on captures and observations, I concluded that woodrat reproduction occurs throughout the year. The average daily weight gain (±se) for a woodrat first caught as a juvenile was 1.26 g/d (±0.23g/d). The average daily weight gain (±se) for a woodrat first caught as subadult was 0.94 g/d (±0.21g/d). Fifty-five percent of all juveniles were never caught after their initial capture. Year to year recapture rate for juveniles was 19%. Twenty-three of 39 (59%) juvenile males were caught only once or on consecutive days in a trap session and never caught again. Sixteen of 31 (48%) juvenile females were caught only once or on consecutive days in a trap session and never caught again.